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Personal FinanceExplainerPast Article

When Yields Rise, Bond Prices Fall

The relationship is arithmetic. A fixed coupon is worth less when new bonds pay more.

By Ruth Hale, Personal Finance Columnist

New York1 min read

Lincoln Memorial, Washington
Lincoln Memorial, WashingtonPhoto by Zetong Li on Unsplash

A bond is a promise to pay a coupon and, at the end, the face amount. If you buy that promise and hold it, the coupons do not change because the market changed its mind the next day.

The price does. Suppose a new bond of the same maturity offers a higher yield. The old bond, with its smaller coupon, has to cheapen until a buyer is indifferent between the two. That cheapening is the price decline. Nothing mystical happened to the issuer. The comparison changed.

The size of the move depends on how long the cash flows last and how large the yield change is. A two-year note moves less than a long bond for the same change in yield, because fewer payments sit out in the future.

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